Macular Degeneration - Symptoms, Causes and Treatment
What is Macular Degeneration? Causes and Differences between Dry and Wet Macular Degeneration
What is macular degeneration?
Macular degeneration, also called macular degeneration, is an eye disease in which the macula, the central part of the retina, gradually deteriorates. This part of the eye is responsible for sharp vision, such as reading, recognizing faces and perceiving details. This condition can cause central vision to become blurred or distorted, while peripheral vision is preserved.
The most common form is age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which occurs mostly in the elderly. There are two types: dry macular degeneration, in which cells in the macula slowly die, and wet macular degeneration, in which abnormal blood vessels under the retina grow and leak, leading to rapid vision deterioration.
Although macular degeneration cannot be completely cured, there are treatments to slow the progression, such as special dietary supplements, laser therapy and injections. Early diagnosis by an ophthalmologist is crucial to preserve vision for as long as possible.
Symptoms of macular degeneration
Macular degeneration often develops gradually and begins with subtle changes in central vision. Initial symptoms are sometimes difficult to notice, but may worsen over time.
Common symptoms of macular degeneration include:
- Distorted or blurred vision: Straight lines appear wavy or curved.
- Difficulty reading and seeing details: Letters blur and fine details become less visible.
- Blind spot in the center of vision: As the condition progresses, a dark or gray spot may appear in the central visual field.
- Decreased contrast and color perception: Colors appear fainter and less bright.
- Difficulty with face recognition: Recognizing faces becomes more difficult, especially at a distance.
Symptoms vary from person to person and depend on the type of macular degeneration. In dry macular degeneration, the deterioration is slow, while wet macular degeneration can cause rapid and severe deterioration.
Do you suspect macular degeneration? Early diagnosis by an ophthalmologist is essential to slow further deterioration and initiate timely treatment.
Causes of macular degeneration
Macular degeneration, also called age-related macular degeneration (AMD), results from wear and damage to the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp vision. Although the exact cause is not always clear, several risk factors play an important role in the development of this eye disease.
Main causes of macular degeneration
1. Age - The biggest risk factor is old age. Macular degeneration occurs mostly in people over the age of 50.
2. Genetic predisposition - Heredity plays a role. If macular degeneration runs in the family, you are more likely to develop it as well.
3. Oxidative stress - Free radical damage can damage the cells in the macula and accelerate the disease.
Risk factors of macular degeneration
Risk factors that can accelerate macular degeneration
1. Smoking - Smokers have up to three times higher risk of macular degeneration than nonsmokers.
2. Unhealthy diet - A lack of antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids and vitamins such as lutein and zinc can weaken the macula.
3. UV light exposure - Excessive exposure to sunlight without protection can harm the retina.
4. High blood pressure - Poor blood circulation in the retina increases the risk of macular degeneration.
5. Obesity - Overweight people are more likely to experience accelerated retinal degeneration.
Preventing and slowing macular degeneration
Although macular degeneration cannot be completely cured, healthy lifestyle choices can reduce the risk and slow the progression. These include quitting smoking, a diet rich in antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids, and regular eye checkups with an ophthalmologist to detect early symptoms.
Personalized advice from our experts
Our highly specialized surgeons do a thorough diagnosis and analysis of your eyes. They will discuss all options with you in complete objectivity.
Two forms of Macular degeneration
There are two forms of macular degeneration, dry and wet. Each has a different disease course and treatment.
The dry form of macular degeneration
The dry form, also called atrophic degeneration, is the most common (80%) but the least severe form of age-related macular degeneration. It is caused by age and thinning of the tissues of the macula, a natural aging process. Usually both eyes are more or less affected and the loss of visual acuity is usually gradual. Peripheral vision remains intact.
The wet form of macular degeneration
The wet form, also called exudative or hemorrhagic form, is more unfavorable and is fortunately less common (20%). Due to the lack of nutrients and oxygen in the retina, new blood vessels are formed under the yellow spot that are brittle and bad. These abnormal blood vessels cause leakage of fluid and sometimes even blood. This fluid accumulation in the macula (= macular edema) disrupts central vision.
The loss of visual acuity can then be rapid and pronounced. The other eye may remain reasonably well for a time, but sooner or later both eyes may be affected. This condition may eventually lead to severe scarring of the macula. In some cases, peripheral vision may also be affected to some degree.
Treatment of macular degeneration
Treatment of dry macular degeneration
Although there is no cure for dry macular degeneration, there are treatments that can slow the process and support eye health. Taking dietary supplements containing antioxidants, zinc, lutein and zeaxanthin (as recommended in the AREDS formula) can help slow the progression of the disease. In addition, a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet, quitting smoking and protection from UV radiation is strongly recommended. Regular monitoring by an ophthalmologist is essential to notice changes early and limit further damage.
Treatment of wet macular degeneration
Currently, injections of vascular growth inhibitors are the best treatment for wet macular degeneration. These injections can reduce the formation of new, abnormal blood vessels and leakage. The drug is injected into the eye in the vitreous space (= intravitreal injection) and this injection must be performed several times. Intermediate checks are done by OCT examination.
Because macular degeneration often worsens without treatment, the goal of this treatment is to preserve (and possibly improve) visual acuity.
Other possible treatments include treatment with a conventional (thermal) laser and Photo Dynamic Therapy (PDT), and "low vision" (optical aids such as magnifying glasses, reading ruler, magnifying glasses, better lighting, etc.).
Our top doctors
Focus Eye Clinic: Expertise and Dedication
At Focus Eye Clinic, we work exclusively with renowned doctors who have extensive experience and expertise in the field of ophthalmology. Our specialists combine their in-depth knowledge with a passion for innovative care and the latest technologies. Thanks to their commitment to precision and safety, you can count on the highest standard of treatment. Trust our doctors' expertise for your eyes.
Dr. Eva Diltoer
Dr. Eva Diltoer is an experienced ophthalmologist with an impressive background and a passion for innovative eye care. She received her medical degree from the Free University of Brussels (VUB) and specialized in ophthalmology at the UZ Brussel. After her training, she gained valuable experience and took additional training abroad, which further strengthened her expertise. At Focus Eye Clinic, Dr. Diltoer is committed to high-quality and personalized care. With her special interest in retinal pathology and dedication to precision and innovation, she is a valuable force on our team, always focused on delivering the best care to our patients.
Dr. Serdal
Dr. Serdal Sanak is a dedicated ophthalmologist with broad expertise in ophthalmology. At Focus Eye Clinic, he is committed daily to providing patients with high-quality care and personalized guidance. With his extensive knowledge and empathetic approach, he knows how to clearly explain complex eye problems and find the best solutions together with his patients. What makes Dr. Sanak extra special is his ability to serve a diverse patient population. He speaks multiple languages, including Dutch, French, English, Turkish and Kurdish, allowing him to help a wide range of people effectively and personally. His dedication to innovation, precision and patient care makes him a valued member of our team and a trusted point of contact for our patients.
Dr. Goyvaerts
Dr. Karel Goyvaerts is an experienced and dedicated ophthalmologist trained at the University of Antwerp. With a strong scientific background and years of practical experience, he is committed to providing patients with the best possible eye care. His analytical precision and patient-centered approach ensure that each treatment is precisely tailored to the individual needs of his patients. At Focus Eye Clinic, Dr. Goyvaerts strives to make complex eye problems clear and accessible. His friendly and professional approach makes him a trusted physician for patients from diverse backgrounds. His bilingualism in Dutch and French allows him to put a wide range of patients at ease. Dr. Goyvaerts continues to continually study the latest developments in ophthalmology and is a valued member of our team.
35 years of expertise and confidence in eye care
The latest eye laser technology, unique in Belgium
Swiss precision from Ziemer Z8 Femto laser for hyper personalized treatments.
A team of experienced ophthalmologists for optimal care
With more than 2,000 surgeries per year and 35 years of experience, we have the expertise needed to give your eyes the best care.
High patient satisfaction through personalized approach
We do our utmost every day for our patients. Togetherness, caring and excellence. These are our values for which I stand.
A comfortable and pleasant setting for your treatment
Warm and personalized welcome in stylish surroundings.
Always the best eye care for your eye condition
High-tech equipment for optimal eye care
Investing in the latest technology for the best results
At Focus Eye Clinic, we combine expertise and innovation with state-of-the-art equipment in ophthalmology aimed at treating a variety of eye conditions. With technologies such as the Ziemer Z8 Femtolaser and WaveLight® EX500 excimer laser, we perform refractive treatments (including Femto-LASIK, PRK and SMILE) with unparalleled precision.
For cataract surgery, we use advanced systems such as the Zeiss CALLISTO, IOLMaster 700 and Alcon Centurion Vision System, resulting in highly accurate implant measurements and predictable results. In addition, we use the Heidelberg Spectralis HRA-OCT, Pentacam® HR and Nidek OPD-Scan III to comprehensively diagnose a variety of eye conditions.
In the treatment of dry eyes, we deploy LipiScan and LipiFlow, among others, for lasting relief of symptoms. Thanks to this innovative equipment, Focus Eye Clinic offers safe, efficient and personalized eye care of the highest quality - fully tailored to your individual needs.
Personal approach and customized care
At Focus Eye Clinic, your care is paramount. Our team of nurses, optometrists and assistants work together with one goal: improving your vision. From your first moment of contact to your final checkup, we will guide you with a personalized and caring approach.
A multidisciplinary team for your treatment:
Our experienced multidisciplinary team offers a wide range of ophthalmic treatments. After an initial diagnosis, we refer you to the doctor who best suits your specific needs, ensuring you receive the highest quality of care.
Your personal point of contact:
Throughout the entire procedure, a permanent assistant is available to you. She knows your file inside out and ensures that all your questions are answered quickly and clearly. If necessary, she will put you in direct contact with the right doctor.
Fast and efficient follow-up
We strive to offer you an appointment within two weeks and plan with you the most convenient time. This efficient system ensures a smooth and personalized experience, allowing you to concentrate fully on your treatment.
A luxurious and comfortable setting at Focus Eye Clinic
At Focus Eye Clinic, we believe that medical treatment should be not only effective, but also comfortable and soothing. Therefore, we have designed our clinic with an eye for luxury and comfort, so that you feel completely at ease from the very first moment.
Our modern and stylish spaces exude calm and confidence, and are designed to provide you with a relaxing experience. From the warm welcome at reception to the comfortable waiting areas and state-of-the-art treatment rooms, every detail has been carefully chosen with your well-being in mind.
At Focus Eye Clinic, we combine advanced technology with luxurious surroundings, so you can enjoy the highest quality care in a setting that exudes peace and confidence. Your health and comfort are our priority, and you will notice that with every visit.
